Malay Archipelago - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Malay Archipelago.
World map highlighting Malay Archipelago. New Guinea—not part of the Malay Archipelago by some definitions—is also included.
The Malay Archipelago is a book by the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace that chronicles his scientific exploration, during the eight-year period 1854 to 1862. Provides history of the first malay kingdoms, colonisation, British era and independence. Maintained by Sabri Zain.
Geography. Location. Southeast Asia, Oceania. Total islands. 25,0. Major islands. Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Java, Luzon, Mindanao, New Guinea, Sulawesi, Sumatra. Area. 2,0. 00,0. 00 km.
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Country. Largest settlement. Bandar Seri Begawan. Largest settlement. Dili. Largest settlement.
Jakarta. Largest settlement. Kuala Lumpur. Largest settlement. Port Moresby. Largest settlement. Manila. Largest settlement. Singapore. Demographics. Population. 38. 0,0.
Ethnic groups. Austronesian peoples, Malay, Overseas Chinese, Overseas Indians. The Malay Archipelago. Malay: Kepulauan Melayu, Indonesian: Kepulauan Melayu or Nusantara, Tagalog: Kapuluan ng Malay ) is the archipelago between mainland Southeast Asia and Australia.
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World map highlighting Malay Archipelago. New Guinea—not part of the Malay Archipelago by some definitions—is also included. Archipiélago malayo; Mapa del mundo destacando el archipiélago Malayo. Nueva Guinea, que no forma parte del archipiélago malayo según algunas definiciones.
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It has also been called the Malay World, Indo- Australian Archipelago, East Indies, Nusantara, Spices Archipelago, and other names over time. The name was taken from the 1. European concept of a Malay race.[2]Situated between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the group of over 2. It includes Brunei, East Malaysia, East Timor, Indonesia, Singapore, and the Philippines.[4] The island of New Guinea is usually excluded from definitions of the Malay Archipelago, although the Indonesian western portion of the island may be included.[4] The term is largely synonymous with maritime Southeast Asia.[5]Etymology and terminology[edit]The term was derived from the European concept of a Malay race,[2] which referred to the people who inhabited what is now Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia (excluding Western New Guinea), Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines. The racial concept was proposed by European explorers based on their observations of the influence of the ethnic Malay empire, Srivijaya, which was based on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia.[6]The 1. Alfred Wallace used the term "Malay Archipelago" as the title of his influential book documenting his studies in the region. Wallace also referred to the area as the "Indian Archipelago" and the "Indo- Australian" Archipelago.[7] He included within the region the Solomon Islands and the Malay Peninsula due to physiographic similarities.[7] As Wallace noted,[8] there are arguments for excluding Papua New Guinea for cultural and geographical reasons: Papua New Guinea is culturally quite different from the other countries in the region, and the island of New Guinea is geologically not part of the continent of Asia, as the islands of the Sunda Shelf are (see Australia).
The archipelago was called the "East Indies"[9] from the late 1. European colonial era.
It is still sometimes referred to as such,[4] but broader usages of the "East Indies" term had included Indochina and the Indian subcontinent. The area is called "Nusantara" in the Indonesian language.[1. The area is also referred to as the "Indonesian archipelago".[1. The term "maritime Southeast Asia" is largely synonymous, covering both the islands in Southeast Asia and nearby island- like communities, such as those found on the Malay Peninsula.[1. Geography[edit]The land and sea area of the archipelago exceeds 2 million km. The more than 2. 5,0. The major groupings are: The six largest islands are New Guinea, Borneo, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Java in Indonesia; and Luzon in the Philippines.
Geologically the archipelago is one of the most active volcanic regions in the world. Tectonic uplifts have produced large mountains, including the highest in Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysia, with a height of 4,0. Puncak Jaya on Papua, Indonesia at 4,8. Other high mountains in the archipelago include Puncak Mandala, Indonesia at 4,7.
Puncak Trikora, Indonesia, at 4,7. The climate throughout the archipelago is tropical, owing to its position on the equator. Biogeography[edit]Wallace's line between Australian and Southeast Asian fauna. The deep water of the Lombok Strait between the islands of Bali and Lombok formed a water barrier even when lower sea levels linked the now- separated islands and landmasses on either side. Wallace used the term Malay Archipelago as the title of his influential book documenting his studies in the region.
He proposed what would come to be known as the "Wallace Line", a boundary that separated the flora and fauna of Asia and Australia. The ice age boundary was formed by the deep water straits between Borneo and Sulawesi; and through the Lombok Strait between Bali and Lombok. This is now considered the western border of the Wallacea transition zone between the zoogeographical regions of Asia and Australia. The zone has a mixture of species of Asian and Australian origin, and its own endemic species.
Demography[edit]Over 3. Java. The people living there are predominantly from Austronesian subgroupings and correspondingly speak western Malayo- Polynesian languages. The main religions in this region are Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, and traditional animism. Culturally, the region is often seen[who?] as part of "Farther India" or Greater India—the Coedes Indianized states of Southeast Asia refers to it as "Island Southeast Asia".[1. See also[edit]^ ab. Moores, Eldridge M.; Fairbridge, Rhodes Whitmore (1.
Encyclopedia of European and Asian regional geology. Springer. p. 3. 77. ISBN 0- 4. 12- 7. Retrieved 3. 0 November 2. Wallace, Alfred Russel (1. The Malay Archipelago.
London: Macmillan and Co. Chapter II. Singapore. The native Malays are usually fishermen and boatmen.. Cite error: Invalid < ref> tag; name "Wallace. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2. World Population Prospects, Table A.
PDF). 2. 00. 6 revision. United Nations: 3. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. Encyclop. Г¦dia Britannica.
Chicago: Encyclop. Г¦dia Britannica, Inc.^"Maritime Southeast Asia." Worldworx Travel. Accessed 2. 6 May 2. Reid, Anthony. Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities. Origins of Malayness, Cambridge University Press, 2. Retrieved on March 2, 2. Wallace, Alfred Russel (1.
On the Physical Geography of the Malay Archipelago". Retrieved 3. 0 November 2.
Wallace, Alfred Russel (1. The Malay Archipelago. London: Macmillan and Co. If we draw a line .. Gilolo, through the island of Bouru, and curving round the west end of Mores, then bending back by Sandalwood Island to take in Rotti, we shall divide the Archipelago into two portions, the races of which have strongly marked distinctive peculiarities.
This line will separate the Malayan and all the Asiatic races, from the Papuans and all that inhabit the Pacific; and though along the line of junction intermigration and commixture have taken place, yet the division is on the whole almost as well defined and strongly contrasted, as is the corresponding zoological division of the Archipelago, into an Indo- Malayan and Austro- Malayan region."^OED first edition. A geographical term, including Hindostan, Further India, and the islands beyond with first found usage 1. Echols, John M.; Shadily, Hassan (1. Kamus Indonesia Inggris (An Indonesian- English Dictionary) (1st ed.). Jakarta: Gramedia. ISBN 9. 79- 4. 03- 7. Moores, Eldridge M.; Fairbridge, Rhodes Whitmore (1.
Encyclopedia of European and Asian regional geology. Springer. p. 3. 77.
ISBN 0- 4. 12- 7. Retrieved 3. 0 November 2.
Friedhelm Göltenboth (2. Ecology of insular Southeast Asia: the Indonesian Archipelago Elsevier, ISBN 0- 4. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 4. Modern Quaternary Research in Southeast Asia, Volume 1^Shaffer, Lynda (1. Maritime Southeast Asia to 1.
M. E. Sharpe. p. xi. ISBN 1- 5. 63. 24- 1.
Philippines : General Information. Government of the Philippines. Retrieved 2. 00. 9- 1. World Economic Outlook Database" (Press release). International Monetary Fund. April 2. 00. 6. Retrieved 2.
Indonesia Regions". Indonesia Business Directory. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0.
Coedes, G. (1. 96. The Indianized states of Southeast Asia Edited by Walter F. Vella. Translated by Susan Brown Cowing. Canberra : Australian National University Press. Introduction.. The geographic area here called Farther India consists of Indonesia, or island Southeast Asia.. External links[edit]Coordinates: 2.
°5. 6′S1. 07. °5. E / 2. 9. 33. °S 1. 07. 9. 17. °E / - 2. 9. 33; 1.